Proof that Sim and CPR Saves Lives

The Sim Team at Drexel received a kind thank message from one of our former Emergency Medicine Residents, Lauren Donnelly, MD.  Lauren now works for Temecula Valley Hospital in Temecula, CA and recently helped save the life of a 9 year old boy who suffered cardiac arrest after being electrocuted on October 4th, 2014.  

Elijah Belden was playing at his birthday party when he grabbed a metal pole in his backyard that became electrified from decorative lights. He instantly fell to the ground and became unresponsive.  Luckily, a family friend started CPR right away and paramedics were on the scene within five minutes. Elijah was brought to Temecula Valley Hospital where Lauren took what she learned in the Drexel Sim Lab and put it to work to save Elijah's life.  

Lauren was the only medical doctor on staff that night and was given little notice that Elijah was on is way in to the ER.  He arrived in V-fib arrest and after being shocked one time he converted to NSR.  However, due to eating lots of pizza and soda at the party he instantly began to vomit and Lauren was unable to protect his airway and decided to start intubation.  

According to Lauren, this when the simulation practice paid off for her.  The nurse working that night was asking "what intubation meds do you want?" and "what size ET tube do you want?"  

For a brief moment Lauren froze, she realized he was a little too big for the Broselow tape, but too small to be treated as an adult. Using a peds quick reference card to quickly look up doses, she gave him Roc and Etomidate.  Lauren remembered the formula for ETT from using it constantly in the sim lab at Drexel and set up a 6.5 sized ETT tube.

Right as she was about to intubate him he had some decerebrate posturing.  Luckily, the intubation went smoothly and the medical team immediately started cooling him.  Lauren started him on a Versed drip and had to keep re-paralyzing him with Roc to prevent shivering.  A helicopter then took Elijah to a local Children's hospital where he remained in a coma for eight days. 

Finally, a day before his 10th birthday he awoke with out deficits and began the road to full recovery.  Elijah was released from the hospital on October 20th, two days later he came with his family to the Temecula Valley Hospital to thank Lauren and the rest of the medical team for their life saving work.

Lauren was able to attend Elijah first little league game after the accident and witnessed him score four runs that contributed to a 14-1 win for his team.  This was not only a victory on the field but a victory for Elijah and his family, the medical team at Temecula Valley Hospital, and for the Drexel Sim Team.   

Lauren sent a thank you message to members of the Drexel Sim Team expressing how much of an impact her time practicing codes in the Sim Lab made on her professional career. 

"I couldn't have done any of this as quickly and confidently if it hadn't been for the mega-codes and mock pediatric codes we did over and over in sim lab. Thank you for making me a better doctor and helping me save this kid's life!"- Lauren Donnelly, MD

That message from Lauren and the successful recovery of Elijah is a true estimate of how much of an impact simulation makes on medical education.  Without the hours in the sim lab this story may have ended very differently.  

To learn more about Elijah's story please visit his Facebook page Pray For Elijah Belden

First Ever Practicum Week of the MSMS Program was a True Success

The Inaugural Class of the MSMS Program, from left to right -  Matthew Charnetski, Deisy Mercado, MD, Jessica Parsons, MD, Susan Coffey Zern, MD, Elizabeth Horsley, RN and Bettina Schmitz, MD.

Imagine sitting through a week of nine-hour days, filled with intense lectures, discussions and group projects.  Most students would be eager finish and go home to their friends and family. However, at 5 PM on Friday our students were still in class not ready to leave. All were expressing how they wish the next practicum week was just around the corner.

"Quite simply, this was by far the best, most outstanding education or professional event of my career," said Elizabeth Horsley, RN MEd from Ontario, Canada.

"The on campus sim practicum week was amazing and mind blowing. Outstanding faculty and staff." said  Bettina Schmitz, MD from Texas. 

Their actions and kind words were a true showing of the success of our first practicum week of the MS in Medical and Healthcare Simulation program.

This was the first of three Simulation Laboratory Practicum courses required for the MSMS degree at Drexel University College of Medicine’s Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies.  The remainder of the program is held completely online focusing on the many facets of simulation-based medical education while simultaneously providing students with multiple options to pursue related areas of interest upon graduation. This first week gave a broad overall look at the many areas of medical simulation that exist today. The students were introduced to both high and low fidelity forms of simulation, the costs involved and what simulation scenario best fits the educational needs. 

Beyond the actual simulation there was a heavy focus on writing goals and objectives, developing scenarios and cases, along with plenty of discussion on debriefing and evaluation. 

The students were asked to take what they learned and create full scenarios that included goals and objects and a full debriefing session. The students then presented their projects on Friday and received instant group feedback. 
One of the unique features of the MSMS program at Drexel is the heavy focus on being interprofessional and the projects were required to have a variety of professional roles.  Due to the fact that the students come from different backgrounds, including medical doctors, nursing and EMT, they were able to better understand why interprofessional simulation and communication is so important in medical education. 

The next practicum week for this co-hort is set for September 2015 followed by a week in the Spring 2016 semester.  

Inaugral Class of the MSMS Program Begin Their First In-Person Practicum Week

Today we welcomed our inaugural class of the MSMS program to our Center City Campus at Drexel University for their first of three practicum weeks.  Our students of varying professions traveled to Philadelphia from all around the United States and even as far as Canada.  We are beyond happy to have them join us here on campus, to not only teach them, but to learn from their own experiences in medical and healthcare simulation.

This morning, the students were immediately thrown into a mass simulation scenario of a fallen in ceiling.  The simulation included a SimMan 3G, SimNewB, Megacode Kid and one standardized patient.  Students, who met for the first time just minutes beforehand, acted quickly to form a team to assess the situation and provide care. 

In the afternoon they were introduced to various modalities of simulators and asked to evaluate how they could be used for different levels of learners.  The information they learn throughout the week, along with what they learned in the first half of the semester will be demonstrated in their group projects to be presented this Friday. 

With such a great group of students we are looking forward to the rest of the week and seeing their final projects at the end of the week.    

MSMS Faculty Member, Suzie Kardon-Edgren, Will Present a Webinar on NCSBN Simulation Study Findings - October 1, 2014

MSMS faculty member, Suzie Kardon-Edgren, to present a webinar on NCSBN Simulation Study Findings next Wednesday, October 1, 2014 from 1-2pm ET.  For more information or to register for this event please visit: inacsl.org/i4a/ams/conference/conference.cfm?conferenceID=104


Webinar:  NCSBN Simulation Study Findings with Suzie Kardon-Edgren, PhD, RN, ANEF, CHSE (on behalf of Jennifer Hayden, MSN, RN)

Date: Wednesday, October 1, 2014

Time: 1 - 2 p.m., ET/ 12 - 1 p.m., CT/ 11 a.m. - 12 p.m., MT/ 10 - 11 a.m. PT

Session Description: 

The purpose of this activity is to enable the learner to discuss the findings from a multi-year, multi-site, randomized, controlled study of the educational outcomes when simulation is used to replace traditional clinical hours throughout the undergraduate nursing curriculum. Providing high quality clinical education experiences for nursing students is a challenge for nurse educators worldwide. An international nurse faculty shortage, along with competition for clinical sites, high patient acquity, and short hospital stays make it difficult for students to obtain good educational experiences. Educators have turned to high fidelity patient simulation as one solution to the perennial challenges of clinical education. Program administrators and faculty have witnessed the benefits of this teaching pedagogy and are interested in using simulation to replace a portion of their clinical hours with simulation, but the research literature has not addressed the end of program outcomes achieved when simulation is used as a clinical replacement throughout the curriculum.  This was the largest, most comprehensive study to date examining the use of high fidelity simulation in the undergraduate nursing curriculum. Educational outcomes of clinical competency, nursing knowledge and new graduate nurse readiness for practice will be discussed.

Session Objectives:

• Describe the methods used throughout the simulation study
  
• Discuss the study findings and the implications for nursing programs when 25% and 50% of clinical hours are substituted with simulation

https://www.inacsl.org/i4a/ams/conference/conference.cfm?conferenceID=104

Sim Team Shines at the Canadian Sim Summit

The Simulation Division recently traveled to Toronto, Canada to give presentations at the 2014 Canadian Simulation Summit hosted by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, held September 11-12, 2014.

Dr. Jessica Parsons gave an impressive oral presentation on Randomized Controlled Trial Using Simulation Education to Introduce and Engineered Safety Device to Prevent Needlestick Injury.  Many attendees stated that they thought her presentation was the best of the series.

Drs. Srikala Ponnuru and Jessica Parsons along with Jami Smith, John Erbayri and Michele Spotts presented a workshop, to an international audience, on Plus Delta Discuss - a new Twist on Debriefing.  The team created two video cases and presented their debriefing method live.  Special thanks to Jamie Teufel who helped prepare the videos used in workshop.

The Summit also gave the team an opportunity to highlight the new Master of Science in Medical and Healthcare Simulation Program with a booth at the conference. There was a lot of interest in the program and the team is hopeful that they will see some of their faces in the next class.

MSMS Faculty, Suzie Kardong-Edgren Gives the Keynote Presentation at The Laerdal Japanese Simulation Users Network

The Laerdal Japanese Simulation Users Network almost doubled in size from last year. One hundred thirty people from around Japan attended last year in Osaka. This year in Tokyo, 200 people attended. Some of my questions about how simulation translates to an Eastern culture were partially answered by this SUN meeting. I was invited to participate as a keynote, to present the results of the National Council of State Boards of Nursing  (NCSBN) National Simulation Study. Very unexpectedly, the question I thought that would be asked in Chicago at the unveiling of the NCSBN results was not, but it was the first questions asked here after I finished my presentation, if simulation was not better, then why do it?  I think it was a physician who asked…this led to a discussion of rapidly deteriorating clinical opportunities for students and rising patient complexity. Japanese nursing faculty may take care of between 5-20 students a piece at times in Japan. I cannot even imagine this myself; a 1:10 ratio is bad enough. 

This is a culture that has valued rote memorization. Simulation is an outside the box teaching modality, for them, but the Japanese faculty and attendees were very enthusiastic and seemed to be outliers themselves…more animated and outgoing than I was anticipating.

Simulations, on average, seems to be run for about ten minutes and then debriefed for about 20 minutes, as a norm in Japan, at this time. Simulations tend to be one profession only. The loss of face in front of others and other disciplines in a hierarchical culture is a huge issue, so western style inter-professional education is not occurring very often, at least as we know it. Overlaid on the loss of face issue is the same scheduling issue we have in the US, between different programs and courses of study.

Because of the loss of face issue, I wonder if adopting expert modeling as a rule of thumb or a group the fist time, might help to mitigate this issue. I would do a modeling scenario with all appropriate players, then have participants do it debrief, then do a similar but different transfer scenario, so that learners could try their kills in a similar situation but enough of a difference that they could build some competence, but with face saving scaffolding.

The debriefing session I attended seemed to indicate that the facilitator provides feedback on the learner performance using the gather, analyze, synthesize (GAS) model. However, the GREAT model, developed or used by Dr. Harry Owens at Flinders University was also discussed. As was Goal Oriented Debriefing the (god model), something I had not heard of before.  The Japanese culture at this time seems to favor a more teacher centered style of debriefing rather than learner centered. This course faculty member used the clicker system and did some self-reflection questions with his audience. People did speak in this session on occasion, but not much. The clicker question results indicated that attendees were not confident in their debriefing skills and that they did not notice a large change in behavior of their students post simulation. It looks like much work to do still.  I suspect they are not using a lot of simulation and students are still figuring how to learn in simulation.

I got to try out the QCPR system that gives fabulous feedback while performing practice CPR…oh my gosh!  What fun, how tiring, this is the first time I have practiced on a feedback manikin with the 2010 American Heart Association guidelines programed in, compressing at 51 mm rather than 48 mm is tough! Note to self, get CPR renewed.  The ironic thing is, the next big CPR study we are getting ready to do includes learning Japanese phrases…here I am in Japan, with my very few Japanese phrases, doing CPR!

The Japanese culture values face,  so admitting that one has made a mistake alone is almost unheard of, CRM as we know it will not work, as it is not ok to question anything a higher up is doing. Currently, there is almost no interprofessional team training, partly because if this problem…and all of ours in the US, trying to mesh schedules, etc.  I tried an exercise to demonstrate simulation as a teacher for psych-social issues, I am thinking it did not work well.

I think I learned more than I shared, across my many talks and the Sim Health conference. Happy to share with you also.

MSMS Faculty will attend INACSL Conference in Orlando June 18-20, 2014

Representatives from the Drexel University Master of Science in Medical and Healthcare Simulation Program will be at the International Nursing Simulation Learning Resource Centers Conference in Orlando, Florida on June 18-20, 2014.  

Come and visit us at booth # 334 or 

at the breakfast coffee break on Friday morning!

To find out more about the MSMS program check out our website atdrexelmed.edu/mssim and follow us on twitter @mssimdrexel

Drexel Simulation Team Competes at Lehigh Valley SimWars

                                                        

Lessons learned from Daring Greatly. ¹

Dr. Brene Brown begins her book with a quote from Theodore Roosevelt:

“It is not the critic who counts; not the man who points out how the strong man stumbles, or where the doer of deeds could have done them better. The credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arena, whose face is marred by dust and sweat and blood; who strives valiantly; . . . who at best knows in the end the triumph of high achievement, and who at worst, if he fails, at least fails while daring greatly.” —Theodore Roosevelt

It isn't often that we boast about times when we don't come away with the “win”.  Yet, this is the time to make an exception.  Yes, I do like to “win” but it is true that winning isn’t everything. It is so important to highlight the times and events in life when we can say that we came away from an event learning an incredible amount about ourselves, our purpose in healthcare education, and the efforts we've been pouring into a simulation program over the last several years. 

On April 9^th and 10^th the Drexel simulation team participated in a SimWars® event hosted by Lehigh Valley Hospital in Allentown, Pennsylvania. As someone who has participated both on stage and as a judge of SimWars® competitions, I can honestly say that SimWars® experience has challenged me to Dare Greatly.  After each experience from both sides of the fence, I find myself carefully reflecting upon the aspects of our simulation curriculum.  It takes an incredible amount of courage to get up on stage and effectively communicate with colleagues, take care of patients and manage chaos in front of an audience.  Yet, James Connelly, MD, John Erbayri, NREMT-P, Greg Owsik, MD, Melissa Fox, RN, Jami Smith, PA-C, Casey Hand, MD, Barry Mitchneck, RN and Russell Goldstein, MD readily rose to the challenge.  They comprise a group of healthcare providers with experience ranging from finishing the first year of residency to over 20 years of patient care experience. 

I was overwhelmingly proud of our Sim Wars Teams as they drew upon deep pools of knowledge, used effective crisis resource management communication skills, and truly delivered great examples of healthcare delivery.  Their simulation performances reminded me that most healthcare errors can be traced back to poor communication or lack of provider knowledge or skills.  Simulation allows the opportunity to practice, make mistakes and learn from them in a safe environment away from patients.  Athletes, musicians, pilots, hairdressers and chess players practice -- why isn’t it a standard in healthcare provider training?

Our trainees know that the more I learn, the more I realize I don’t know.  I learn something each time I have the opportunity to participate in a simulation session.  I am grateful that our program has been fortunate to invest in the advancement of simulation education and I thank all of our Sim Team, participants and educators for stepping into the ring with me as they dare greatly.

References

1.          Brown B. DARING GREATLY: How the Courage to Be Vulnerable Transforms the Way We Live, Love, Parent, and Lead. New York, NY: Gotham Books published by the Penguin Group; 2012.

To find out more about the MSMS program check out our website atdrexelmed.edu/mssim and follow us on twitter @mssimdrexel

MSMS Faculty Scott Lind, MD Discusses Simulation Use at Drexel University College of Medicine

Dr. Scott Lind, chairman of surgery at Drexel University College of Medicine, has partnered with Operative Experience Inc. to change the face of surgical accreditation in the United States by introducing a competency-based assessment of surgical skills using the lifelike dummies created by OEI.
Currently, surgical residents need to pass both a written and oral exam in order to certify as surgeons. Similarly, surgeons looking to recertify need to take a written exam every few years. “Nowhere in there do you have to demonstrate that you can operate,” Lind said.

The lack of a hands-on skills assessment is exacerbated by a developing problem in surgery today. Surgeries are trending toward minimally invasive procedures that rely on small incisions and technology to reduce postoperative pain, scarring and recovery time.

While this method benefits the patient, it also means that residents have little experience with open surgery. When complications arise and the body cavity needs to be opened up further, residents must employ a skill set they have hardly practiced before.

From the Triange Newspaper at Drexel University: http://thetriangle.org/news/hands-test-comes-med-school/
To find out more about the MSMS program check out our website at drexelmed.edu/mssim and follow us on twitter @mssimdrexel

Thoughts About Upcoming Courses in the MSMS Program by faculty member Suzie Kardong-Edgren

I cannot tell you how hard I have prepared for the theory lectures for the MS.701S for this fall 2014. I know there is a split between medicine and social sciences that happened way back in the 1700-1800s , having to do with theory…I know this because I found a fabulous book about this in the airport bookstore one day  (I only shop in the most discriminating of places).

Hopefully everyone in the course may have had some exposure to theory and why it is important…but maybe not. I WANT everyone to understand the point and why theory is important. When we conduct a study, we are not hopefully doing it up without some background, observation, previous study, etc. Deciding to do something out of the blue with no rationale is not usually fundable (not the only reason to do research, but often a driving force in research) …”the progress of any discipline is measured by the scope and quality of its theories and the extent to which its community of scholars is engaged in theory development” (Meleis, p. 188).  We should ask ourselves, what are the central questions in the field of simulation? What is it we still don’t know that would make our scenarios more memorable, have bigger impact, allow participants to carry what they have learned into the field…provide better patient care, work better as a team…if you want to study ahead  and get ready for fall and the first practicum course, I suggest reading some of the articles in the monograph published by Simulation in Healthcare 6(6) supplement in 2011. When people call me and ask what needs to be studied, I refer them to this journal and the articles therein. Some of these articles refer to theories commonly used in medical simulation…bravo!  Hopefully you will know some before you get to this class. You will be joining a community of scholars in simulation, no matter what your intended job in simulation will be. So, be ready to come with open minds and think about those questions you have wondered about when you see or participate in simulation. The field is new…there are many open questions. However, theory will link the questions we ask into a coherent whole to move the discipline forward.

See you soon!

Suzie Kardong-Edgren

To find out more about the MSMS program check out our website atdrexelmed.edu/mssim and follow us on twitter @mssimdrexel

MSMS Faculty Member Jami S. Smith, PA-C Travels to Guatemala as Part of Surgical Jornada

For the second year, an interprofessional group of healthcare providers traveled from Philadelphia to Santiago Atitlan, Guatemala to provide surgical care to the this lakeside community. 

The Interprofessional Group in front of Hospitalito

 In addition to Jami, the Academic Director at the Drexel University College of Medicine, Medical and Healthcare Simulation Program and a practicing physician assistant, the 16 member team was compromised of 2 surgical attendings, an anesthesiologist,  3 surgical residents, 3 CRNAs, and 6 CRNA students from the University of Pennsylvania.  

CRNA student provides post-operative care to a patient

Over a four day period the group performed 27 surgeries including procedures such as subtotal thyroidectomy, cholecystectomies, and hernia repairs. 

 

 

In addition to providing perioperative care, the group transported and donated much needed medical supplies to the hospital.  The group also visited a local school where they spent some time playing with the school children and then donated school supplies and toys.

The hospital is located beside a lake among a chain of volcanoes.

To find out more about the MSMS program check out our website at drexelmed.edu/mssim and follow us on twitter @mssimdrexel

Philadelphia Simulation Consortium

Drexel MS in Medical and Healthcare Simulation Program is excited to be taking part in the 

2nd Annual Philadelphia Simulation Consortium 

hosted by University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing 

MSMS Faculty Hales Part of International Pediatric Simulation Society 2014 Conference Planning Committee

Roberta L. Hales MHA RRT-NPS RN

Simulation Educator
Center for Simulation, Advanced Education and Innovation
The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Roberta Hales is a mastered prepared critical care registered respiratory therapist, neonatal-pediatric specialist and registered nurse who serves as the lead Simulation Educator of the Center for Simulation, Advanced Education and Innovation, where the focus revolves around patient quality and safety through the implementation of innovative, high quality professional education and research. She has been instrumental in orchestrating the coordination, development and execution of the in-situ simulation education courses, along with coordination and implementation of numerous external programs.

The most famous are boot camps including the first pediatric critical care medicine, neonatology, trauma, and anesthesia programs. Additionally, she has partnered with several of the surrounding Philadelphia-based simulation centers to create a Simulation Facilitator Workshop to unify the debriefing approach, together with the regional resources of personal and equipment. Moreover, Ms. Hales serves as a member of the International Pediatric Simulation Society Education Committee and has lectured at many forums on pediatric simulation based education.

From the IPSS website: http://ipssglobal.org/ipssw2014/programme/programme-committee/

MSMS Faculty Member John Vozenilek, MD -- $50 Million Dollar Grant to Enhance Medical Simulation Collaboration Between Clinicians and Engineers

         $25-million gift LAUNCHES NEW partnership to 

revolutionize health care

(Peoria, IL / February 28, 2014) - A new partnership between doctors and engineers will revolutionize clinical simulation, education, and health care.

The $50-million-plus Jump Applied Research for Community Health through Engineering and Simulation (Jump ARCHES) will create joint research projects between the Jump Trading Simulation & Education Center (Jump) at OSF HealthCare in Peoria and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign’s College of Engineering.

Jump ARCHES will create new tools and technologies using imaging, health information technology, novel materials, and human factors to enhance medical simulation and education at facilities like Jump. It also will create new tools, techniques, and devices for clinical use and treatment.

The fundamental goal is to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients and to reduce health care costs.

“Jump has been bridging the gap between engineering and health care for more than a year now. Our new partnership with the University of Illinois’ College of Engineering is the opportunity to do so at a dramatically expanded scale,” said Dr. John Vozenilek, Jump’s chief medical officer. “A host of medical challenges need to be addressed at home and globally. Jump ARCHES will be a powerful part of the solution.”

Jump ARCHES is the result of a $25-million dollar challenge gift from Jump Trading, a financial technology firm. The OSF Healthcare Foundation will immediately initiate efforts to raise the challenge amount of $25-million, culminating in an overall $50-million endowment fund. The University of Illinois will provide annual support equivalent to that of a $12.5 million endowment.

“Simulating a clinical space is like simulating an airplane in flight—only, some would argue, harder,” said Andreas Cangellaris, dean of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign’s College of Engineering. “With Jump ARCHES, we’ll be able to make medical simulation more realistic, make the collaborations frictionless, and better extrapolate what the medical field will need next.”

The idea for Jump ARCHES builds on the success of the Jump Trading Simulation & Education Center, a collaboration of OSF HealthCare and the University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria. Jump replicates the patient care areas of a hospital—from the exam room to the operating room—and combines actual medical equipment and devices with state-of-the-art simulation approaches and training. This facility provides excellent clinical training to doctors, health care professionals, and students alike. 

Jump website – http://www.jumpsimulation.org/

Jump YouTube – http://www.youtube.com/jumpsimulation

Jump Flickr (for photos) – http://www.flickr.com/photos/106508672@N04/sets/

ARCHES web page (live 2/28) – http://www.jumpsimulation.org/arches

From the website: http://www.jumpsimulation.org/media/2014/release-022814-001.html

MSMS Faculty Presentations at IMSH 2014

                                                                                   

MSMS Faculty Presentations

at IMSH 2014

Short Title	Faculty
Building a Better Scenario	David Rodgers, EdD, NREMT-P, Roberta Hales, MHA, RRT-NPS, RN  and AnneMarie Monachino, MSN, RN, CPN.
Develop a Simulation Evaluation Plan: The Kirkpatrick Way	Roberta Hales, MHA, RRT-NPS, RN  and David Rodgers, EdD, NREMT‐P .
A Real OR Built for Simulation: The Ultimate in Realism!	Ellen Deutsch, MD, FACS, FAAP, Roberta Hales, MHA, RRT-NPS, RN, Newton Buchanan , David Rodgers, EdD, NREMT-P  and Aditee  Ambardekar, MD .
The Nuts and Bolts to Building Your Simulation Program	Dimitri Papanagnou, MD, MPH, David Gaba, MD, Sharon Griswold-Theodorson, MD, MPH, Pamela Jeffries, RN, PhD, Janice Palaganas, PhD, RN, NP, Michael Meguerdichian, MD, Jessica Pohlman, MPA, NREMT-P and Katie Walker, RN, MBA.
Economic Evaluation Guidelines	Carl Asche, PhD , John Vozenilek, MD FACEP and Andrew Bland, MD, MBA.
Step 4: Begin with the End in Mind	Sharon Griswold-Theodorson, MD, MPH, Catherine Morse, PhD, CRNP, BC, Kymberlee Montgomery, DrNP, CRNP, BC, Jami Smith, MPA, MEd, PA‐C and Nichole Oocumma, BSDH, MA, CHES.
A Specialized Training Program: Boot Camp	Roberta Hales, MHA, RRT-NPS, RN.
Strategies to Professional Advancement in Simulation	Sara Kim, PhD, Komal Bajaj, MD, Janice Palaganas, PhD, RN, NP, Sandra Feaster, RN, MS, MBA, Jeffrey Cooper, PhD , Katie Walker, RN, MBA, Ian Curran, BSc, AKC, MBBS, FRCA, Pg Dip Med Ed FFPMRCA, FAcadMEd and Brian Ross, PhD, MD.
Cause and Effect: Physiology for Behind the Glass	Kevin Pohlman, CHSE, NREMT‐P, CCEMT‐P, FP‐C, Jessica Pohlman, MPA, NREMT‐P, Dimitri Papanagnou, MD, MPH, Michael Meguerdichian, MD and Benny Turner, MHSA, FACHE.
Review your Research Ideas/Proposal with the SSH Research Committee	Joshua Hui, MD, Mark Scerbo, PhD, Gregory Gilbert, EdD, MSPH, Suzan Kardong‐Edgren, PhD RN, ANEF, CHSE  and Jill Sanko, MS, ARNP-BC.
Just-in-Time Training: Who, What, Why and How	AnneMarie Monachino, MSN, RN, CPN.
Debriefing the Debriefers: English	Demian Szyld, MD, EdM, Grace Ng, MS, CNM, RN, C-EFM, Laura Rock, MD, Catherine Morse, PhD, CRNP, BC, Janice Palaganas, PhD, RN, NP and Jenny Rudolph, PhD.
Introduction to Meta-Analysis	Chaoyan Dong, PhD, Demian Szyld, MD, EdM, Josh Hui, MD, Sharon Griswold-Theodorson, MD, MPH and William McGaghie, PhD.
Introduction to Qualitative Study Design	Nina Multak, MPAS, PA-C and Chaoyan Dong, PhD.
4th Annual Simulation Journal Club	Sharon Griswold‐Theodorson, MD, MPH, Demian Szyld, MD, EdM (2) and Srikala Ponnuru, MD (1).